Family: Unicells or cells loosely attached forming hyphae; cell body varied in shape, a constriction at the center in most species; cell walls consisting of two or more parts, with small pores and various ornaments (Illustrations of The Japanese Fresh-water Algae, 1977).
Genus: Cell body flat, large, variable in shape, longer than wide; strong constriction at center; each semicell with several notches; cell wall with many short spines (Illustrations of The Japanese Fresh-water Algae, 1977).

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Subgenus Eumicrasterias: Section Actinocystis: Apex incised or cocaved
M. rotata 9 samples 175-290 μm 1999-2008	M. thomasiana 14 samples 220-284 x μm 2005-2008	M. denticulata 21 samples 190-340 μm 2003-2008	M. denticulata 21 samples 190-340 μm 2003-2008
M. brachyptera 3 samples μm 2004, 2008	M. apiculata 6 samples 200-266 μm 1998-2008	M. papillifera 7 samples 81, 135 μm 1999-2008	M. crux-melitensis 14 samples 86-188 μm 1998-2006
M. foliacea 3 samples 81-89 μm 1998-2001
Subgenus Eumicrasterias: Section Tetrachastrum: Apex flat
M. truncata 20 samples 102-130 μm L/W=0.9-1.2 2004-2008	M. ceylanica or zeylanica 10 samples 62-83 x μm 1999-2008	M. decemdentata 2 samples 67 x 56 μm Hakuba Nagano, 2004
M. pinnatifida 5 samples 61-65 x μm 1998-2008	M. depauperata v. wollei 134 x 127 μm USA, 1999	M. laticeps v. laticeps 128 x 144 μm USA, 1999	M. laticeps v. acuminata 91 x 109 μm Uruguay, 1999
Subgenus Atomocystis: Section Serratae
M. mahabuleshwarensis var. wallichii 162 x 84 μm Niigata, 2001	M. furcata Syn. M. radiata 134 x 124 μm USA, 1999 Movies	M. americana Ohnuma Nasu-shiobara Tochigi, 2008

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