Species: Cell body moderately curved, gradually attenuated toward ends, which are broadly rounded, inner margin slightly inflated in the middle, outer margin strongly convex, 204-384 μm long, 36-60 μm wide, L/W=4.6-8; chloroplasts with 4-6 longitudinal ridges and 4-7 pyrenoids in each semicell; cell wall smooth and colorless; zygospores ellipsoid with a smooth wall (Photomicrographs of the Freshwater Algae, vol. 7, 1987). Cell body 170-450 μm long, 28-72 μm wide, L/W=6-8 (Illustrations of The Japanese Fresh-water Algae, 1977).

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1) Cell body moderately curved; L/W > 7
var. moniliferum 430 x 53 μm L/W=8.1 Onnenai Kushiro marsh Hokkaido, 2005	var. moniliferum 320 x 43 μm L/W=7.4 Oura central p. Oura Gunma, 2006	var. moniliferum 280 x 35 μm L/W=8.0 near Kodanuki m. Fujinomiya Shizuoka, 2005	var. moniliferum 280 x 37 μm L/W=7.6 Oyomi marsh Hakuba Nagano, 2006
var. moniliferum 222 x 30 μm L/W=7.4 near Oyomi marsh Hakuba Nagano, 2004	var. moniliferum 240 x 34 μm L/W=7.1 Saitama, 2003
2) Cell body moderately curved; L/W = 6-7; body > 300 μm
v. moniliferum 13 samples 260-380 μm 2002-2008	v. moniliferum 13 samples 260-380 μm 2002-2008	v. moniliferum 13 samples 260-380 μm 2002-2008	v. moniliferum 13 samples 260-380 μm 2002-2008
3) Cell body moderately curved; L/W = 6-7; body < 300 μm
v. moniliferum 24 samples 208-290 μm 1998-2006	v. moniliferum 24 samples 208-290 μm 1998-2006	v. moniliferum 24 samples 208-290 μm 1998-2006	v. moniliferum 24 samples 208-290 μm 1998-2006
4) Cell body moderately curved; L/W=5-6
v. moniliferum 11 samples 190-337 μm 1998-2006	v. moniliferum 11 samples 190-337 μm 1998-2006	v. moniliferum 11 samples 190-337 μm 1998-2006	v. moniliferum 11 samples 190-337 μm 1998-2006
5) Cell body strongly curved; inner side concave; both ends long & tapered
var. concavum or C. ehrenbergii ? 371 x 49 μm L/W=7.6 Fujimi Saitama, 2004	var. concavum ? or C. leibleinii ? 228 μm L/W=7.4 Japan, 1999	var. concavum ? or C. leibleinii ? 240 x 35 μm L/W=6.8 Kawagoe Saitama, 2002	var. concavum ? or C. leibleinii ? 220 x 33 μm L/W=6.7 Kodama town Saitama, 2003
var. concavum ? 205 x 28 μm L/W=6.3 Uruguay, 1999
6) Cell body short; L/W < 5
C. moniliferum ? 155 x 33 μm L/W=4.7 Shakujii Park Tokyo, 2001	var. moniliferum or C. leibleinii ? 230 x 41 μm L/W=5.6 both ends inverted near City Hall Fujimi Saitama, 2004
7) Cell body long; L/W > 8
C. moniliferum ? 270 x 30 μm L/W=9.0 Ikenokochi marsh Tsuruga Fukui, 2004

Similar species -->> C. dianae; C. leibleinii; C. ehrenbergii;

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