Oligohymenophorea
(formerly Nassophorea): Peniculida: Frontoniina: Frontoniidae
Frontonia leucas
(Ehrenberg, 1833) Ehrenberg, 1838
Genus: Postoral kineties usually to left of oral poykinetids (Illustrated Guide, 1985).
Left edge is more curved than right edge; cytopharynx with numerous strong fibrils; ectoplasm with
numerous fusiform trichocysts; macronucleus oval; one to several micronulei (Kudo, 1966).
Species: 150-600 μm long; ventrally flattened;
dark colored; buccal cavity close to anterior end (How to know the protozoa, 1979).
Elongate 150-600 μm long;
anterior is not wider than posterior; cytostome small with well defined pre- and postoral suture;
a large macronucleus with three micronuclei; single contractile vacuole with 12
radiating canals; many trichocysts (Carey, 1992).
Cell body 150-600 μm long (Kahl, 1930).
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Similar Genus --> Disematostoma
Frontonia leucas ?, stock Skk ?,
cell body 800 μm long, 240 μm wide,
x 100, x 200, x 400, Japan, 199? by Y. Tsukii
200 μm
400 μm
600 μm; x 100:
100 μm
200 μm
300 μm; x 200
x 400, x 640
50 μm
100 μm
150 μm; x 400 :
31 μm
63 μm
94 μm; x 640
x 640, close views of cytostome at different focus
31 μm
63 μm
94 μm; x 640
Frontonia leucas ?, stock Skk ?,
cell body 700 μm long, 288 μm wide,
x 100, x 200
200 μm
400 μm
600 μm; x 100:
100 μm
200 μm
300 μm; x 200
Side view of cytostome, x 400
50 μm
100 μm
150 μm; x 400
Food vacuoles, ingested organism, Oscillatoria sp.
Frontonia leucas ?, stock Skk ?,
cell body 540 μm long, 152 μm wide,
x 100
200 μm
400 μm
600 μm; x 100
Frontonia leucas ?, stock Skk ?,
cell body 540 μm long, 240 μm wide,
Koaze river (Mizutori-no-sato Park), Kawagoe city, Saitama Pref., Japan, March 2002 by Y. Tsukii
x 100, x 200, x 400, x 640
200 μm
400 μm
600 μm; x 100:
100 μm
200 μm
300 μm; x 200
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