Family: Cell body cylindrical or spindle-shaped, loosely attached with each other to form a filamentous colony; cell wall smooth, consists of a single partition, one layer; 1-2 chloroplasts plate- or ribbon-like, with pyrenoids; a single nucleus centrally placed.
Genus: two chloroplasts with axis and laminae structure; axis short, laminae also short making the chloroplasts star-shaped (Illustrations of The Japanese Fresh-water Algae, 1977).

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Cylindrocystis sp. C. brebissonii ? 63 x 37 μm L/W= 1.7 Shimo-muneoka Shiki Saitama, 2004
Cell body cylindrical in shape, width 14-35 μm; L/W=2-4
C. brebissonii v. brebissonii 46 samples 32-73 x 11-29 μm 199?-2008	C. brebissonii v. brebissonii 46 samples 32-73 x 11-29 μm 199?-2008	C. brebissonii v. brebissonii 46 samples 32-73 x 11-29 μm 199?-2008	C. brebissonii v. brebissonii 46 samples 32-73 x 11-29 μm 199?-2008
Cell body cylindrical in shape, narrower than 14 μm
C. gracilis 11 samples 24-80 x 11-15 μm 2003-2007	C. cushleckae 2 samples 35-37 x 9 μm Japan, 2004
Cell body ellipsoidal in shape
Cylindrocystis sp. ? 62 x 23 μm L/W= 2.7 Kayoicho-ike Fukuoka, 2001	C. crassa ? 9 samples 15-55 x μm 2001-2007	C. crassa ? 9 samples 15-55 x μm 2001-2007	C. crassa ? 9 samples 15-55 x μm 2001-2007

Similar genus -->> Zygnema; Penium; Mesotaenium;

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